Device for extinguishing fires

ABSTRACT

The device for extinguishing fires is built into an aircraft, facilitating the transport of fire-fighting material and the controlled evacuation thereof from the same as it is in flight, onto the area which is on fire. The device comprises at least one closed independent recipient ( 3 ) filled with fire-fighting material, which is stored within a container, which is fastened to the aircraft, which includes at least one collapsible output hatchway for the independent recipients ( 3 ) and which, upon opening, frees the gravitational fall of fire-fighting material. The independent recipients ( 3 ) have built in filling valve ( 4 ) pathways, with an anti-drainback mechanism which guarantees it is watertight. In turn, the container is equipped with hatchways, through which the filling valves are accessed from outside.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, as described in the present descriptive specification, refers to a device for extinguishing fires of the variety built into an aircraft, which serves to transport and evacuate fire-fighting materials in a controlled way and which may be activated from the aircraft whilst it is in flight. Various fire-fighting materials may be used with this device, amongst which liquids such as water, retardant products such as earths and powdered or grain products etc., may be cited as examples.

Following on from this, the device, object of the present invention, stands out because it firstly facilitates the transportation of larger quantities of fire-fighting material, not only using common means such as light aircraft and helicopters but also being able to use military aircraft such as cargo planes and bomber planes and it secondly optimises the performance of said materials, since it ensures controlled, precise impact at a certain point in the fire, without spreading the material used.

In order to facilitate this function, this volume of fire-fighting material is housed within independent spherical globe recipients, which are resistant enough to be able to endure the pressure of the material stored within them but which may also be easily burst or broken, upon impacting the surface of the ground where the fire is located or which may be burst or broken in a controlled manner as they fall.

As already indicated, the device, object of the present invention is applicable to fire-fighting using aircraft, essentially being applicable to forest fires, without ruling other types of fire out.

Furthermore, it is worth highlighting that the application of the device, object of the present invention, is highly effective, because the entire volume of the fire-fighting material contained within each recipient, impacts squarely on the area which is on fire, without having to spread the mass of the material moments before reaching said area on fire, as is the case with other devices associated with aircraft, in which said material is spread before impacting the ground, which causes them to be less effective and powerful in terms of putting out the fire.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the current methods for extinguishing a fire, one or some of the elements are usually removed from the fire triangle (oxygen, heat and fuel) and/or from the chain reaction of the same.

There are essentially four different methods for extinguishing a fire:

-   -   Suffocation: in which attempts are made to remove the oxygen. In         order to do so, blankets, earth and water etc., are usually         employed.     -   Cooling: in which attempts are made to reduce the temperature of         the volatile materials which do not burn. Water is used to         successfully quell the fire.     -   Fuel dispersion or isolation: in which the fire is prevented         from spreading by placing barriers, which stop it from reaching         more volatile materials. Firewalls or cutting vegetation are the         methods most commonly employed to prevent the fire from         developing into a forest fire.     -   Chain reaction inhibition: in which the chain reaction is         interrupted using chemical substances. Chemical powder         extinguishers are effective in this method.

In order to extinguish a fire, the fire must successfully stopped by the action of the person breaking or undermining the “fire triangle”, consisting of fuel, oxygen and heat, which is responsible for the combustion, as mentioned above. It is possible to determine three phases when it comes to extinguishing a fire: fighting, controlling and ending the fire.

Water is the best and most fast-acting remedy against fire, since it cools the fuel whilst also isolating it from the air, thus removing oxygen from the fire triangle. The water should be directed towards the base of the flame. The problem with using water is that it is difficult to find water nearby in a forest fire and transporting it to the site of the fire is also difficult.

Of those means used to extinguish forest fires, it is worth highlighting aerial means which make it possible to transport water to the fire front quickly. Two types of plane are currently used, which differ from one another owing to the way in which they load the water. These are amphibian planes, which load the water during flight at reservoirs or protected areas of the cost line (rivers, ports, bays etc.,) and planes which load the water on the ground by means of hoses.

In addition, helicopters with attached deposits are occasionally used, which load water from the ground or submerge themselves at a water intake point. Water loading points should be relatively close to the fire in order to enable these helicopters to operate effectively.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

With the aim of fulfilling the objectives set out and evading the abovementioned limitations, the invention proposes a device for extinguishing fires, of the variety built into an aircraft, which serves to transport the fire-fighting material, whilst also facilitating said material being launched from the aircraft as it is in flight, which results in it landing in the focal point of the fire.

Based on this premise, the device, object of the present invention, is characterized in that:

-   -   It comprises at least one closed, independent recipient, which         is housed within a container, which includes at least one         collapsible output hatch and the opening of which facilitates         the gravitational fall of the recipients loaded with         fire-fighting material, thus achieving a square impact at the         base of the fire's flames when they reach the ground, in turn         resulting in a highly effective, powerful method for putting out         the flames. The hatch is opened by means of expulsion         mechanisms.     -   The independent recipients have built in filling valves with an         anti-drainback mechanism, which guarantees the same are         watertight once filled.     -   The independent recipients are filled by means of hoses and         motor pump units, which have a capped loading inlet at one end,         in order to prevent the top pressure limit set for the         independent recipient from being exceeded. Fire-fighting inlets         installed in the storage units and/or hangars may be used in         this operation.     -   The container has built in hatchways, through which the valves         can be accessed from the outside, in order to facilitate the         filling of the independent recipients located within the         respective container.     -   The container has built in fixation means, to enable it to be         fixed to the structure of the aircraft. In a first embodiment,         it may be anchored to the outside of the aircraft (the fuselage,         wings, etc.) or in a second embodiment, inside the same (the         hold).         The container of the first embodiment comprises:     -   A central body with a circular cross-section of a crosswise         plane.     -   Covering lids coupled by means of a hinged articulation at the         ends of the central body, said lids forming closing elements for         said central body, in which internal storage spaces for         accessories and mechanisms are defined.     -   A collapsible hatch built into the central body, which forms         part of the surrounding structure thereof.

The central body of the container of the first embodiment, described herein, progressively narrows towards its free ends, the covering lids of the container mentioned comprising parabolic bodies, the curvature of which is a continuation of the curved surface of the central body.

In the first embodiment, the fixation means for fixing the container to the aircraft structure comprise anchoring systems which correspond to the requirements of the associated aircraft and which are supported on a base body of fastening harness, which is fixed to the aircraft fuselage.

The fastening harness comprises:

-   -   The base body that has the junction box, which enables the         opening mechanism to be operated from inside the aircraft, said         base body having a built in anchoring mechanism, for anchoring         the fastening harness unit to the aircraft in such a way that it         is joined to the same.     -   Two mooring arms which hold and support the first container,         thus joining the harness-container unit by means of fastening         elements built into the arms.

The container of the second embodiment comprises a prismatic structure, housed within the aircraft, which is formed by various modular compartments, separated from one another by intermediate tilting plates and into each one of which the corresponding hatchway is built, thereby meaning the loading valve of the independent recipient is accessed from the outside.

Said container of the second embodiment is furthermore characterized in that, in the end modular compartment, the tilting plate acts as a front output hatchway for the independent recipients, which are freed when the intermediate tilting plates are taken down.

The container has built in iron fittings for its anchors, located in the upper corners and in the base, which will be adapted to the characteristics of the aircraft hold.

As an example, the fixation means of the container of the second embodiment, located inside the aircraft, comprise:

-   -   Straps which fasten the container to the floor of the aircraft         by means of hooking mechanisms, the straps being passed through         several openings in several ironworks, established against the         upper corners of the prismatic structure of the cited container.     -   Locking mechanisms which immobilize the container at its base         against the surface of the floor of the aircraft.

In the second embodiment, the container compartments comprise a modular structure which may be partitioned with coupling means between them.

Meanwhile the modular compartments of the container in the second embodiment have built in presence detectors and/or load detectors for the independent recipients.

The independent recipients have a flexible, elastic structure in the form of a globe, which is strong enough to facilitate the transportation therein of elements capable of putting out the fire; essentially liquid fluids.

Moreover, the anchorings of the container in the first embodiment make it possible to unhook the container before landing the aircraft, if necessary.

In addition to the container of the second embodiment having a modular structure as described above, it may also be foldable, detachable and/or stackable, in order to facilitate vacuum transportation to the area of use as well as to reduce storage space.

The following advantages are just some of the advantages comprised by the device, object of the present invention:

-   -   The aerial fleet is expanded. It provides more means to fight         forest fires. The military air fleet of each county (used for         both combat and transportation) can be converted into effective,         fast-acting means against fire.     -   It is faster, providing increased speed for fighting forest         fires. In using faster planes, response time is considerably         shorter.     -   It increases the number of litres per hour, i.e. the volume if         water and retardant materials, which can be used to fight fire         since the number of air craft is greater, as is the speed and         transportation load capacity thereof, thus increasing the amount         of fire-fighting material.     -   It improves staff conditions. The pilots are at less risk when         unloading the fire-fighting material from a greater height, thus         avoiding both the flames and the turbulence caused by the fire,         also reducing the risk posed to the fire fighters and forest         brigade teams, since it makes it possible at extinguish the fire         at a greater distance away from the same, thus meaning staff are         not exposed to the dangers of areas which are difficult to         access or escape.     -   It is ecologically and environmentally friendly. It reduces the         areas burnt by the fire, in such a way that using the device,         object of the present invention, the quality of response and the         speed thereof are improved. It also facilitates prevention,         since it makes it possible to refresh areas which have not yet         been devastated. Therefore, ecological and environmental         protection is also increased.     -   It increases the times at which fires can be fought, since it         may be used in adverse environmental conditions (harsh         landscape, very dense vegetation, strong winds, excessively high         flames or intense heat being given off) or at night, without         high risk of accidents for aerial staff.     -   It increases the number of airports which can be used for the         purposes of fighting forest fires. It increases the geographical         coverage and protection areas, since it successfully increases         the number of airports and air bases which may be used.     -   It makes better used of water. Using the device, object of the         present invention, the water used to fight the fire gives better         performance, in such a way that it is possible to benefit from         the resources available to a much greater extent. In         successfully making the water enter the base of the flames         directly, water usage is reduced and the power and efficacy with         which to fight fires increases substantially.

Below are a set of drawings which facilitate a better understanding of the descriptive specification on the object of the invention, forming an integral part and providing a non-limiting example thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1—is an elevation view of the device for extinguishing fires, object of the present invention. It shows a first embodiment in which a first container of the device is anchored to an external portion of the fuselage of an aircraft, by means of a fastening harness.

FIG. 2—is a perspective view of the container (1) represented in the previous figure.

FIG. 3—is a perspective view of the device for extinguishing fires, according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In this case, a second container (2) is fixed to an internal portion of the aircraft via fastening means.

FIG. 4—is a perspective view of the fastening harness which serves to attach the anchoring means of the first container in the first embodiment to the external portion of the aircraft fuselage.

FIG. 5—is a perspective view of the device according to the second embodiment, wherein the fastening means for fastening the container of the second embodiment are detailed, by way of example.

FIG. 6—is a cross-section, in which part of the fastening means used to fasten the container of the second embodiment of the device, object of the present invention, are detailed and associated with the use described in FIG. 5.

DESCRIPTION OF AN EXAMPLE EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In the drawings above, the following reference numbers are adopted in order to indicate the elements forming the device for extinguishing fires, object of the present invention:

-   1. First container or external container -   2. Second container or hold container -   3. Independent recipients -   4. Filling valve -   5. Mechanism connectors -   6. Fastening harness -   7. Central body -   8. Covering lids -   9. Internal spaces -   10. Hatchways -   11. Lower collapsible hatchway -   12. Modular compartments -   13. Bases -   14. Tilting plates -   15. Base body -   16. Mooring arms -   17. Fixation points -   18. Central junction box -   19. Anchoring mechanism -   20. Straps -   21. Ratchet mechanism -   22. Hooking mechanisms -   23. Ring -   24. Static support -   24′. Static support -   25. Locknut -   26. Openings -   27. Ironworks -   28. Mooring mechanism -   29. Flat grooved piece -   30. Screw -   31. Chock -   32. Lower lug -   33. Nut -   34. Washer -   35. Perforation

The device, object of the present invention, comprises:

A first or external container (1) and a second or internal container (2), inside which one or various independent globe shaped recipients (3) are housed, which are filled with a fire-fighting material, these independent recipients (3) having a built in filling valve (4) for filling them with fire-fighting material, in such a way that when the independent recipients (3) are filled with fire-fighting material, these valves (4) ensure that the recipient is water tight, thus preventing the fire-fighting material from spilling out.

Various fire-fighting materials may be employed with this device, including liquids such as water, retardant products such as earths, powdered or grain products etc., to name a few.

In a first embodiment of the invention, the first container (1) is fixed to the fuselage outside the aircraft, by means of a fastening harness (6), whilst in a second embodiment; the container (2) is fixed inside the aircraft by means of fastening means arranged on an upper and/or lower plane, as required.

The container (1) of the first embodiment comprises a central body (7) with a circular cross-section of a crosswise plane, which progressively narrows towards its ends, being coupled by means of articulation corresponding and covering lids (8) corresponding to these ends, determined by parabolic bodies, the curvature of which is a continuation of the curved surface of the central body (7).

The covering lids (8) define internal spaces (9) in which to house the various necessary accessories and mechanisms.

In the first embodiment, the central body (7) of the container (1) has the mechanism connectors (5) built into its upper portion, for connecting the junction box of the fastening harness (6), which is in turn fixed to the aircraft fuselage. Furthermore, this central body (7) has built in hatchways (10), which facilitate access to the filling valves (4) for filling the independent recipients (3), housed, as shown, within the central body (7) of the container (1) of the first embodiment of the present invention.

This central body (7) has a built in lower collapsible hatchway (11), upon which the independent recipients (3) full of fire-fighting material are, in principle, supported, in such a way that in order to free the same with the aim of putting out a fire, this lower collapsible hatchway (11) is opened, causing the independent recipients (3) to fall gravitationally and/or assisted by an expulsion mechanism, impacting a selected point in the area on fire squarely.

The fastening harness (6) of the first embodiment of the present invention comprises a base body (15) and two mooring arms (16) which fasten to the first container (1), said mooring arms (16) having built in conventional fixation points (17) which enable the harness and the container to be joined together, although this fixation may be removed in flight in order to release the container (1) if necessary.

The base body (15) has a central junction box (18) which facilitates the operation of the first container mechanism (1) from inside the aircraft.

In turn, the base body (15) has a built in anchoring mechanism (19), which serves to join the fastening harness (6) to the outside of the aircraft.

The container (2) of the second embodiment comprises a prismatic structure formed by various modular compartments (12), into each one of which the respective hatchway (10) is built, through which the filling valves (4) are accessed from outside, in order to facilitate the filling of the independent recipients (3) housed within these modular compartments (12).

In this second embodiment of the invention, the independent recipients (3), which contain the fire-fighting material, are supported on bases (13) of these modular compartments (12), which are separated by means of tilting plates (14), which when taken down, facilitate the chain advancement of the independent recipients (3) towards one of the end compartments (12), wherein the tilting plate (14) acts as an output hatchway outside said independent recipients (3) loaded with fire-fighting material.

Henceforth, the independent recipients (3) fall in a chain as a result of gravity and/or assisted by an expulsion mechanism, into the focus of the fire.

It must be pointed out that the bases (13) of the compartments (12) have been adapted so that they can be manipulated during loading using conventional means such as wheelbarrows, forklifts, small tanks and cranes, etc.

For the second embodiment of the invention, a possible fastening and mooring system inside the aircraft would be formed by: straps (20) which fasten the second container (2) to the floor of the aircraft by means of hooking mechanisms (22) formed by a ring (23) threaded inside a static support (24) fixed to the floor of the aircraft and a lock for the ring (23), in order to prevent it from becoming loose, which is secured by means of a lock nut (25).

The straps (20) run through openings (26) established in ironworks (27) arranged in the upper area of the prismatic structure of the second container (2). It must be pointed out that ratchet mechanisms (21) have been built into the straps (20) in order to tense these straps as required.

The fastening means of the second embodiment of the present invention are complemented by mooring mechanisms (28) in the base (13) of the second container (2). Each one of the mooring mechanisms (28) has a built in flat grooved piece (29), through which a screw (30) passes, the head of which is housed in a static support (24′) fixed to the floor of the aircraft. Said mooring mechanism (28) in turn complement a chock (31), wherein part of the flat grooved piece (29) is supported, which has a built in lower lug (32), which is fitted into a perforation (35) in the bases (13) of the second container (2). The pressure exerted by the flat grooved pieces (29) against the bases (13) of the second container (2) is ensured by a nut (33) coupled to the screw (30), with a washer being inserted (34).

A circuit of signals and a connector, which are compatible with the aircraft, are incorporated into both embodiments of the present invention, in such a way that it may be operated from the cabin. 

1-8. (canceled)
 9. Device for extinguishing fires, of the variety built into an aircraft, which use a fire-fighting material to put the fire out, being activated from the aircraft in flight, which gives rise to this fire-fighting material falling towards the focus of the fire, comprising at least one closed independent recipient (3), housed within a container (1, 2), which includes at least one collapsible output hatchway (11) for the at least one independent recipient (3) and the opening of which frees the flow of this at least one independent recipient (3) loaded/filled with fire-fighting material; further comprising said at least one independent recipient (3) a built in filling valve (4) pathway which is sealed once filled; and comprising the container (1, 2) built in fixation means for fixing to the aircraft structure, characterized in that said container comprises a built in hatchway (10) arranged in such a way that it corresponds with the valve (4) of at least said one recipient (3).
 10. Device for extinguishing fires, according to claim 9, characterized in that the container (1) comprises: a central body (7) with a circular cross-section of a crosswise plane; covering lids (8) coupled by means of an articulated hinge at the ends of the central body (7), said covering lids (8) constituting closing elements for this central body (7) and also defining internal spaces (9) for storing accessories and mechanisms; a lower collapsible hatchway (11) built into the central body (7) forming part of the surrounding structure of this central body (7).
 11. Device for extinguishing fires according to claim 10, characterized in that the central body (7) of the container (1) progressively narrows towards its free ends.
 12. Device for extinguishing fires according to claim 11, characterized in that the closing lids (8) of the container (1) comprise parabolic bodies, the curvature of which is a continuation of the curved surface of the central body (7).
 13. Device for extinguishing fires according to claim 9, characterized in that the fixation means for fixing the container (1) to the aircraft structure comprise mechanism connectors (5) to a central junction box (17) built into a fastening harness (6) externally fixed to the outside of the aircraft.
 14. Device for extinguishing fires according to claim 13, characterized in that the fastening harness (6) comprises: a base body (15) which has the central junction box (18) in which the mechanism connectors (5) of the first container (1) are connected, said base body (15) having a built in mooring mechanism (19) for mooring the fastening harness (6) unit to the outside of the aircraft. two mooring arms (16) which hold the first connector (1), said mooring arms (16) having built in fixation points (17) for fixing to said container (1), thus joining the harness unit and container together as one; the fixation points (17) may be operated from the aircraft when they are in flight in order to release the container if necessary.
 15. Device for extinguishing fires according to claim 9, characterized in that: the second container (2) comprises a prismatic structure housed within the aircraft, which is formed by various modular compartments (12) separated by tilting plates (14), into each one of which the access hatchway (10) is built to provide access to the respective valve (4) from outside. in the end modular compartment (12), the tilting plate (14) acts as a front output hatchway for the falling of the independent recipients (3) when the tilting plates (14) are taken down.
 16. Device for extinguishing fires according to claim 15, characterized in that the fixation means for fixing the container (2) to the aircraft structure comprise: straps (21) which fasten the second container (2) to the floor of the aircraft by means of a hooking mechanism (22), the straps (20) passing through openings (26) in ironworks (27) seated against the upper corners of the prismatic structure of the second container (2); mooring mechanisms (28) which immobilize the second container (2) by its bases (13) against the surface of the aircraft floor.
 17. Device for extinguishing fires according to claim 10, characterized in that the fixation means for fixing the container (1) to the aircraft structure comprise mechanism connectors (5) to a central junction box (17) built into a fastening harness (6) externally fixed to the outside of the aircraft.
 18. Device for extinguishing fires according to claim 11, characterized in that the fixation means for fixing the container (1) to the aircraft structure comprise mechanism connectors (5) to a central junction box (17) built into a fastening harness (6) externally fixed to the outside of the aircraft.
 19. Device for extinguishing fires according to claim 12, characterized in that the fixation means for fixing the container (1) to the aircraft structure comprise mechanism connectors (5) to a central junction box (17) built into a fastening harness (6) externally fixed to the outside of the aircraft. 